Environmental Thesaurus

Last uploaded: September 14, 2024
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ID

http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/USLterCV_369

Preferred Name

nitric acid

Synonyms

HNO3

Definitions

Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid. The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68%. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid, at concentrations above 95%. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration - the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent.

Obsolete

true

In Schemes
Type

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

scopeNote

US LTER controlled vocabulary

altLabel

HNO3

creator

herbert.schentz@umweltbundesamt.at

definition

Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid. The pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68%. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as white fuming nitric acid or red fuming nitric acid, at concentrations above 95%. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration - the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent.

isReplacedBy

http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20838

prefLabel

nitric acid

created

2016-03-31

broader

http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/1

deprecated

true

modified

2022-03-21

exactMatch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nitric_acid

http://linkeddata.ge.imati.cnr.it:2020/resource/EARTh/36140

http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5188

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